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Scientific citation is providing detailed reference in a scientific publication, typically a paper or book, to previous published (or occasionally private) communications which have a bearing on the subject of the new publication.

In scientific writing, we don't cite references by using footnotes. Instead, citations including author's last name and year are inserted directly into the text, like this (Kusnick, 1997).

Science Reference Centre is a library database that contains articles from academic journals, magazines, and other sources on a variety of science-related topics including: biology, chemistry, geology, aeronautics, environment, health & medicine, physics, technology and wildlife.

Websites for Expanding Your Scientific Knowledge

• American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
• ScienceStage.com.
• ScienceDaily.
• Science News.
• New York Times Science News.
• NOVA.
• HowStuffWorks.
• National Public Radio (NPR)

Reference List Examples

• Article (With DOI)
• Article (Without DOI)
• Book.
• Chapter in an Edited Book.
• Dissertations or Theses.
• Legal Material.
• Magazine Article.
• Newspaper Article.

References helps you to avoid plagiarism by making it clear which ideas are your own and which are someone else's. shows your understanding of the topic. gives supporting evidence for your ideas, arguments and opinions. allows others to identify the sources you have used.

Citing Your Sources

• Article in a scholarly journal. Author last name, Author First Initial. Author Second Initial. (Publication Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue) (if issue numbered), pages.
• Article in a reference book, dictionary or encyclopedia.
• Article in a Popular Magazine.
• Web Page.

A references page is the last page of an essay or research paper that's been written in APA style. It lists all the sources you've used in your project so readers can easily find what you've cited.

List of References

• author(s) name and initials.
• title of the article (between single quotation marks)
• title of the journal (in italics)
• available publication information (volume number, issue number)
• accessed day month year (the date you last viewed the article)
• URL or Internet address (between pointed brackets).

History Reference Centre

Covering topics in U.S. and world history from the earliest civilizations through the 21st century, History Reference Center is a research database containing full-text journals, magazines, reference books and thousands of primary source documents.

Points of View Reference Center™ (PoV) is a full-text database that offers students with a series of comprehensive essays with point and counterpoint arguments related to current issues in the news.