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A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e., insulator).
Today, capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass. In analog filter networks, they smooth the output of power supplies. In resonant circuits they tune radios to particular frequencies.
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e., insulator).
Types of capacitors
A capacitor is created out of two metal plates and an insulating material called a dielectric. The metal plates are placed very close to each other, in parallel, but the dielectric sits between them to make sure they don't touch. Your standard capacitor sandwich: two metal plates separated by an insulating dielectric.
A battery is an electronic device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy to provide a static electrical charge for power. Whereas a capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrostatic energy in an electric field.
The most common use for capacitors is energy storage. Additional uses include power conditioning, signal coupling or decoupling, electronic noise filtering, and remote sensing. Because of their varied applications, capacitors are used in a wide range of industries and have become a vital part of everyday life.
Capacitor comes in different shapes and their value is measured in farad (F). Capacitors are used in both AC and DC systems. The governing equation for capacitor design is C = εA/d, In this equation, C is capacitance; ε is permittivity, a term for how well dielectric material stores an electric field; A is the parallel plate area, and d is the distance between the two conductive plates.
The electrolytic and tantalum capacitors are polarized (polarity sensitive), and are always labelled as such. The electrolytic units have their negative (-) leads distinguished by arrow symbols on their cases. Some polarized capacitors have their polarity designated by marking the positive terminal.
Class 1 ceramic capacitors offer the highest stability and lowest losses. They have high tolerance and accuracy and are more stable with changes in voltage and temperature. Class 1 capacitors are suitable for use as oscillators, filters, and demanding audio applications.
Electrolytic capacitors are normally made from one of three different materials: aluminium, tantalum, and niobium
The advantage of a capacitor